To achieve the objectives, various methodologies are employed as specified below:
Anthropometry: A Body Composition Analyzer (BCA) uses bioelectrical impedance to measure body composition based on conductivity differences. A hand grip dynamometer measures grip strength at five different widths, with peak strength typically at the second or third setting. Circumference measurements of chest, waist, abdomen, and hips, along with height measurements using a stadiometer, are key anthropometric assessments for evaluating health risks and body metrics.
Phlebotomy: Phlebotomy is the process of drawing blood from a patient's veins for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. The primary purpose of phlebotomy is to collect blood samples for laboratory testing, which plays a crucial role in diagnosing and monitoring various medical conditions.
Fibroscan: FibroScan uses vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) to assess liver stiffness. A probe generates a transient vibration, creating an elastic shear wave whose speed through the liver is measured via ultrasound, calculating stiffness in KPa as liver stiffness measurement (LSM). The Controlled Attenuation Parameter (CAP) in dB/m estimates ultrasound signal attenuation, indicating liver fat changes.
ECG: An ECG is simply a representation of the electrical activity of the heart muscle as it changes with time. Like other muscles, cardiac muscle contracts in response to electrical depolarisation of the muscle cells. It is the sum of this electrical activity, when amplified and recorded for a predefined time duration that we know as an ECG.
Oscillometry: Respiratory Oscillometry is a technique used to measure the resistance and reactance of the lungs and is sensitive to changes in small airways. It is important to assess distal airways as small airway dysfunction (SAD). The Oscillometry device typically provides a reading against a frequency, such as hertz (Hz)
Spirometry: Spirometry is a physiological test that measures the maximal volumes of air that an individual can inspire and expire with maximal effort. The primary signal measured in spirometry is either volume or flow as a function of time.
Skin Health Analysis: Skin Health Analysis, is a systematic procedure designed to assess an individual's skin condition through objective non-invasive assessment parameters like: Transpidermal Water Loss, stratum corneum hydration, skin elasticity, and sebum content.